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These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
DOC is not habit-forming and the desire to use it typically decreases with use, exhibiting a self-regulating quality. However, rodent studies have demonstrated reinforcing effects including conditioned place preference and self-administration similarly to methamphetamine.
DOC is not physically addictive and does not appear to produce physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms.
The exact toxic dose is unknown and has not been established in scientific studies. At least two deaths have been attributed to DOC, including one in 2014 where DOC was directly implicated as the sole causative agent with autopsy findings showing pulmonary edema and subgaleal hemorrhage. Blood or plasma DOC concentrations are expected to be 1-10 μg/L in recreational users, >20 μg/L in intoxicated patients, and >100 μg/L in acute overdose victims.
At overdose-level doses, DOC can cause significantly elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and severe vasoconstriction; individuals with pre-existing hypertension may be particularly at risk as the amphetamine-like pharmacology causes sharp increases in systolic blood pressure.
Pulmonary edema was noted in a fatal DOC overdose case, though data is limited to individual case reports rather than systematic study.
Psychosis, delusions, and bizarre or violent behavior may occur at high doses or in overdose scenarios. The substance's high dose sensitivity and unusually long duration increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions, particularly in those without extensive hallucinogen experience.
Seizures have been associated with DOC use in medical literature and may occur at high doses or in overdose situations.
DOC was originally synthesized by Ronald Coutts and Jerry Malicky at the University of Alberta in Canada. Their work describing the compound was published in the scientific literature in 1973 as part of research into analogues of DOM and related substituted amphetamines. The substance remained
UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 (Schedule II, added March 2020)
Prohibited under the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act). Possession, production, and sale are illegal without authorization.
Controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Additionally covered by the 2016 regulation controlling phenethylamines with a 2,5-dimethoxyphenylethamine core structure. Illegal to sell, buy, or possess without valid legal exemption.
Added to the list of Schedule I controlled substances as of April 8, 2007, alongside 2C-E, 2C-P, and DOI.
Listed in Anlage I of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act) since February 1, 1997. Manufacturing, possession, importation, exportation, purchase, sale, procurement, and dispensing are all prohibited without a license.
Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under Latvian law.
Controlled as an amphetamine analogue under Schedule III (Class C) of New Zealand's controlled substances legislation.
Regulated as a defined derivative of α-methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. Permitted for scientific or industrial purposes only.
Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 through the amphetamine analogue clause. Class A/Schedule I classification prohibits sale, purchase, and possession without a license.
Listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, production, and sale are prohibited.
Controlled since October 2015. Illegal to sell, buy, import, export, or manufacture without authorization.
Possession, production, and sale are prohibited under national drug legislation.
Possession, production, and sale are prohibited under national drug legislation.
Possession, production, and sale are prohibited under the Opium Act.
As of 2011, DOC was not a controlled substance and no analogue law covered it. Current status may have changed.
Classified as a controlled drug. Illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
Not federally scheduled, but may be prosecuted as an analogue of DOM or DOB under the Federal Analogue Act when sold for human consumption or possessed with intent to ingest. Specifically listed as Schedule I in Florida state law.
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