Tramadol

The packet's claim that tramadol is available without prescription is contradicted by current official EFDA materials. EFDA expressly classifies tramadol hydrochloride as a narcotic drug, describes it as prescription-only, and requires use under medical supervision. The December 2025 control directive applies to production, import, export, distribution, storage, transport, prescribing, dispensing and use, and its Annex 1/Form NPS/01/A lists Tramadol Hydrochloride as narcotic item 10. A valid supply therefore requires the controlled-medicine prescription and dispensing controls, not ordinary OTC sale. The July 2022 EFDA OTC list describes OTC medicines as legally dispensed without prescription and limits OTC treatment to listed formulations/strengths; tramadol is not listed in that official list. No current Ethiopian numeric Schedule I/II/III/IV designation for tramadol was located; the controlling current category is the EFDA narcotic-medicine classification. The EML and EFDA-hosted product documents do not establish that every brand, dosage form, strength or package is currently market-authorized, so the exact product must be checked in EFDA's live register. This result distinguishes controlled prescription status from a numeric international-convention schedule and makes no claim that practical pharmacy availability overrides the law.

The packet's claim that tramadol is available over the counter without a prescription is contradicted by current Indonesian regulator and Ministry of Health materials. PerBPOM 12/2025 expressly includes active-material tramadol in the OOT regime, while the current medicine rule places hard drugs in the prescription category and limits their dispensing to pharmacists on prescriptions in pharmaceutical-service facilities. BPOM's regional regulator expressly describes tramadol as a hard drug/OOT requiring a doctor's prescription and close expert supervision. OOT distribution and dispensing are limited to health-care and/or scientific purposes, and the regulator warns against free e-commerce/social-media sales and counterfeit products. The schedule boundary matters: the official Permenkes 5/2023 tables checked and the latest fetched narcotics amendment, Permenkes 15/2025, do not name tramadol; opioid pharmacology does not by itself make it an Indonesian narcotic or psychotropic. This result concerns ordinary lawful tramadol medicine, not unregistered, counterfeit, expired, revoked, or otherwise non-compliant products, which must be assessed separately. A registered combination example (ULTRACET) is product-specific and does not authorize every tramadol brand, salt, strength, dosage form, or pack. This is legal-information research, not individualized legal advice; recheck the official JDIH and BPOM registers for later changes and the exact product.

The packet's 'Prescription-only (not scheduled)' wording is materially incorrect on scheduling: Norway added Tramadol to the Narkotikalisten effective 1 September 2020, and the current consolidated list identifies it by CAS 27203-92-5. However, the Tramadol row is not marked 'Forbudt etter § 5'; § 5 prohibition applies to listed entries carrying that reference. Official Helsenorge guidance says a doctor may prescribe tramadol as a stronger analgesic when non-prescription analgesics do not help, and DMP lists Nobligan and Tramagetic as medicines with narcotic active ingredients. The supported canonical disposition is prescription_only, with the important qualification that tramadol is a scheduled narcotic substance in Norway but not a § 5-prohibited entry. This does not establish that every formulation, strength or product has identical authorization or dispensing conditions; the failed TLS fetch of Legemiddelsøk is not treated as evidence of product absence or a particular product's current market status.

The packet row read was: tramadol / Bolivia / legality.countries.Bolivia / contentHash 2bbb82eb44811add19e5a3425f28c3223783e89de514741a80e95cf1269acec6; legacy value: Available in 50mg tablets and IV ampules over-the-counter at pharmacies without prescription. The current official AGEMED medicine registry contradicts that broad OTC statement for the exact products located: ZODOL (generic TRAMADOL CLORHIDRATO, oral drops) and TRAMADOL CLORHIDRATO (100MG/2ML injectable) are both marked RECETA MEDICA. No 50 mg tablet record was located in the fetched current registry. The LINAME 2022-2024 formulary lists generic Tramadol forms (50 mg tablet, 100 mg/2 ml injectable, and 100 mg/ml oral drops), but a formulary listing does not itself establish sale status. The current AGEMED free-sale workbook was fetched and its extracted rows did not contain tramadol; this absence is not treated as a generic legal classification. AGEMED's controlled-list notice says the list is updated daily, but the linked T-N-10 PDF is a scan whose list entries are not text-inspectable, and the fetched manual does not name tramadol. Therefore the defensible replacement is prescription-only for the current authorized tramadol products expressly recorded by AGEMED, with a generic-scope limitation: the evidence does not establish whether every possible tramadol salt, formulation, strength, or unregistered product is subject to the same category or to the psychotropic archived-recipe/estupefacient valued-recipe regimes. The old claim of 50 mg tablets and IV ampules being OTC should be removed.

The Ministry of Health Department of Drugs and Food formulary gives the Tramadol entry a trailing ‘Schedule: Prescription medicine.’ This listing covers injection 50 mg/mL in a 2 mL ampoule, immediate-release 50 mg tablet, and prolonged-release 50 mg/100 mg tablets, and states that the drug is subject to international control under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1961). The formulary's scheduling key says Prescription Medicines should only be obtained with a legally written prescription from a medical doctor; at health-centre level a qualified, properly trained nurse may prescribe medicines included in the Essential Medicines List. The key separately describes Controlled Medicines, but that label appears immediately before the preceding oxycodone entry; it is not the schedule printed after Tramadol. The 2012 Drug Control Law makes dispensing of drugs listed in Tables II and III possible only as medication pursuant to a medical prescription by an authorized physician, dentist, veterinarian, nurse, or midwife, and permits the Minister of Health to authorize limited no-prescription supply only for one or more Table III drugs. The fetched English-law Annex Table II/III text does not name tramadol, so this record does not infer that tramadol is a Table II or III narcotic or that the narrow Table III exception applies. The prescription-only conclusion rests on the current DDF/MOH formulary's substance entry, not on absence from that older Annex. The formulary expressly says it is not a regulatory document or clinical-practice guideline, and the English law translation is unofficial; Cambodian legal status should therefore be confirmed against the current Khmer law, any later Ministry of Health Prakas, and product-specific registration. Product/formulation caveat: the cited formulary lists the three named dosage-form/strength groups; combinations, salts, brands, strengths, and other routes may have additional product-specific conditions. The prior claim that Cambodian pharmacies may sell tramadol without prescription was not corroborated by an official source inspected here.

Tramadol is listed as a Category II psychotropic substance in China's Catalogue of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (2013 Edition), whose entry covers its salts and single-ingredient preparations. NMPA Announcement No. 43 of 2023 additionally placed compound tramadol preparations in the Category II psychotropic-substances catalogue from 1 July 2023. Under Article 32 of the Regulations on the Administration of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, retail supply of Category II psychotropic substances requires a practising physician's prescription and may not be made without one.

Corrects the legacy 'Variable enforcement' row. The current Ministry list is directly inspectable and has no exact tramadol entry, but that sourced absence must not be expanded into an unsupported blanket unscheduled or freely saleable conclusion. Decree 45161-S's special official narcotic/psychotropic prescription forms apply to those categories; the inspected schedule does not place tramadol there. The official ZALDIAR alert establishes a medical-prescription requirement for one registered paracetamol/tramadol hydrochloride product. Standalone tramadol and other combinations remain subject to their own current sanitary registration, authorized labeling, formulation, concentration and pharmacy-dispensing conditions; the 2019 ZALDIAR statement cannot classify every product. The original 50 mg/extended-release strengths and claims of pharmacy-by-pharmacy variable enforcement were not retained because no current official source fetched here establishes them.

The packet row read was: tramadol / Egypt / legality.countries.Egypt / contentHash 12ff26bdc1bb76010c960510d97a3d1929683627460bea88ed21286af05ef05f; legacy value: Listed as controlled since October 2002 and requires prescription. Despite national control, tramadol remained widely abused, with nearly 70% of people treated at addiction facilities using the drug as of 2015. The current official EDA schedule supersedes the old date-based description: Decision No. 44 of 2026 replaced the schedules annexed to Law No. 182 of 1960 and states that it operates from publication; its scanned schedule page 21 (PDF page 20) lists Tramadol at item 117 in Table 1 section 2. The EDA's official 12 March 2022 enforcement notice independently describes seized medicines as 'Schedule I tramadol' listed in the Anti-Narcotics Law. The EDA regulatory index identifies Decision No. 573 of 2024 as the prescription-ticket instrument for dispensing narcotic substances. The exact text of Decision 573 and its Gazette publication/effective date could not be fetched from the currently indexed PDF URL (the EDA index remains available), so no detailed ticket validity, quantity, or form requirements are asserted here. The 2026 schedule page is image-based; the Tramadol row and chemical description were transcribed from the official scan. No claim is made about unregistered products or conduct outside the Schedule 1 substance/preparation scope.

Corrects the legacy entry's unsupported wording. The official April 2018 notification added Tramadol to the NDPS psychotropic-substance Schedule; its preamble refers to information and evidence about the substance's nature, effects and scope for abuse, but does not establish the legacy claim about links to criminal organizations. NDPS control is not a categorical ban: section 8(c) permits medical or scientific operations in the manner authorized by the Act, rules, orders and licences/permits. Retail medicinal supply remains prescription-only under Schedule H1, with separate supply-register and labeling requirements. Product formulation, State licensing and any specific exception still require fact-specific checking.

The packet said tramadol was once widely OTC and is now prescription-only. The current official Customs manual supports that tramadol is a controlled medicine for import/export processing and that controlled-medicine travel cases require DPNA review, but it does not itself establish the ordinary domestic pharmacy dispensing category. The dossier's strongest direct prescription-only evidence is a reproduction of Food and Drug circular 2607/D on a non-government site; it was not used as a claim source because this packet requires official government, legislative, regulator or legal-publication sources. The Food and Drug Organization statement was likewise available only through a news mirror during this retrieval. The result therefore corrects the packet only to the extent supported by accessible official material: tramadol is not shown as an Anti-Narcotics Law Article 8 named narcotic, but is a controlled medicine with licensing and customs controls. This is legal-information research, not an individualized legal opinion. It concerns lawful, authorized pharmaceutical products; counterfeit, unregistered, smuggled, expired or otherwise non-compliant products require separate analysis.

The Ministry of Health’s Decree of 29 July 2022 inserts tramadol itself in Tabella I of the controlled-substances tables under D.P.R. 309/1990. It also adds tramadol medicines to Allegato III-bis and to the Table of Medicines: tramadol as a pure substance and parenteral preparations are in section A, while compositions for non-parenteral administration are in section D. The decree entered into force on 8 November 2022, so medical products are subject to the controlled-medicines prescription rules applicable to their assigned section rather than being freely supplied.

The packet's historical 2003 over-the-counter statement is corrected. Kuwait Ministry of Interior material expressly says tramadol is within the psychotropic-substances schedule and that pharmacies may not dispense it except on a special psychotropic-substances prescription; therefore the publishable canonical status is prescription_only, not unrestricted OTC. The dossier identifies the operative 2026 placement as Tramadol (ترامادول) in Group Two, Table 4 under Decision No. 165/2026. The official Gazette archive record and viewer were inspected, but the scanned annex itself is image/subscription controlled and did not yield machine-readable schedule text in this pass. Product strength, dosage form, combination-product composition, foreign-prescription authentication, and border quantity remain product- and procedure-specific; do not treat a foreign prescription or a medicine package as an automatic import exemption. This is legal-information research, not individualized legal advice; re-check the Ministry of Health competent authority and the current Arabic Gazette annex before a patient travels or a product-specific determination is made.

The packet's 'Not controlled' label is superseded. As of the 2026-08-27 snapshot, Malaysia's current MOH First Schedule expressly places tramadol and its salts in Part I Group B with 'All preparations'. Group B is a controlled-medicine prescription category: ordinary retail sale or supply requires the statutory professional or compliant-prescription pathway, rather than unrestricted over-the-counter access. This result does not reclassify tramadol as a narcotic under a different instrument; the operative classification established here is the Poisons Act Group B entry. Product legality remains product-specific: manufacture, sale, supply, import, possession and administration of a product generally also require current registration and the appropriate licence, subject to narrow regulatory exceptions. The DCA420 approval-list example is not a live-status certificate; verify a particular MAL record, composition, holder, indications and current status in NPRA QUEST3+. No general analogue rule is inferred from the separate psychotropic schedule. This is legal-information research, not individualized legal advice; re-check official Malaysian sources for later amendments.

Corrects the legacy claim that tramadol is available without prescription at major urban pharmacy chains. The official DDB list inspected is the latest consolidated list located as of 2026-08-27 (list dated 06 July 2025) and contains no TRAMADOL, tramadol or tramadol hydrochloride entry in the 1961 narcotic, 1971 psychotropic or Philippine Schedule table. That negative schedule result means ordinary tramadol is not established as a Philippine dangerous drug solely because FDA records call it an opioid analgesic; it does not affirmatively authorize possession, use, importation, sale or unregistered/counterfeit products. RA 10918 section 5(rr) defines prescription/ethical medicines as medicines dispensed by a pharmacist only upon a valid physician, dentist or veterinarian prescription. Dossier-captured metadata from the official FDA Verification Portal identifies Saphtram (DRP-3942; tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg capsule) and Pyredol (DRP-3309; tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol 37.5/325 mg tablet) as Prescription Drug (RX), but both portal URLs returned HTTP 403 when re-fetched on 2026-08-27; recheck the live records, expiry, registration and approved labeling. No claim is made that every tramadol formulation, injectable, combination, import or online offer has the same status. Any other active ingredient, analogue, derivative, isomer or later DDB reclassification must be assessed separately.

The existing entry's prescription claim is supported and corrected to the canonical status prescription_only. INFOMED is presentation-specific: the inspected Tramadol Aurovitas 50 mg capsule record is marketed and classified as a medicine subject to prescription; other strengths, forms, combinations or pack sizes should be checked individually. The existing sentence about personal-drug possession decriminalization since 2001 is not retained because it is a separate controlled-drug possession regime and does not establish the dispensing classification of a marketed tramadol medicine. The Portugal dossier's current controlled-substance-table inspection found no tramadol entry under Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93, but that schedule result must not be conflated with MSRM status.

The legacy subsection said tramadol was widely available over the counter. Current official evidence supports prescription-only dispensing as the medicine-law disposition, not OTC availability. The Antalgex T SmPC is internally inconsistent: its distribution section contains both 'Over-the counter medicine / List I' and 'Prescription only medicines'. Accordingly, the product document is treated as corroborating List I/prescription controls but not as an unqualified standalone label. The FDA register shows an authorized tramadol-containing product, which does not establish OTC sale or resolve narcotic scheduling.

The packet's Schedule 5 characterization is supported, but its assertion that sale and possession without prescription are decriminalized and treated as a misdemeanor is contradicted by the official Act. Section 22A(5)(b) requires Schedule 5 sale through a pharmacist (or supervised pharmacist's assistant/intern) on a written prescription or qualifying verbal instruction; section 22A(16)(b) expressly limits ordinary personal possession of Schedule 5 to a person holding an authorised prescription. Section 29(k) makes contravention of section 22A an offence and section 30(1) provides a fine or imprisonment up to 10 years, so the inspected official text does not support decriminalization or a misdemeanor-only characterization. For Schedule 5 analgesic use, a new prescription after six months requires consultation with another medical practitioner; repeats require the prescriber to state the number and intervals, and emergency verbal supply is limited to 48 hours with written confirmation within 72 hours. Schedule 5 sales require permanent prescription-book/record entries and five-year retention under regulation 35. The exact entry was inspected in SAHPRA's readable 01 August 2025 consolidation, which the current SAHPRA July 2026 page labels archived and DO NOT USE. SAHPRA's current page records a consolidated version updated 06 July 2026, while the linked current SharePoint PDF returned HTTP 403 to the reader; Government Gazette 54627 (8 May 2026) was fetched but is image-only in the reader. Thus the 2026 portal/Gazette establish the currentness chain, but this result does not claim that every 2026 schedule entry is unchanged. Product-specific registration, dosage/strength/route, licensing, and any later Gazette amendment remain separate questions.

The supplied entry's Prescription-only status is directionally supported, but its claims that tramadol is obtainable through strict government-run medical stores and that the relevant products are imported from India were not established by the inspected current official sources and are removed. The Ordinance permits medical practitioners to prescribe or supply a dangerous drug for treatment, limits a patient supply to a three-day amount, and permits a pharmacist on premises licensed by the Director to supply it on a medical, dental or veterinary prescription. Unauthorized possession, sale, supply or use remains an offence. Penalties depend on the conduct and quantity: the general penalty in §78 is stated below, while §54A and the Third Schedule Part III quantity table can apply to trafficking, possession, import or export above the statutory thresholds. The 2026 amendment, certified 6 March 2026, adds a high-seas offence and updates cross-references; it does not amend tramadol's item 126 listing or the ordinary prescription provisions reviewed here.

The legacy status 'Green prescription' is normalized to canonicalStatus prescription_only while preserving the Turkish designation. The Ministry list inspected is İY.LS.16 revision 7, revised 30 July 2025, and specifically contains TRAMADOL HCL and named products. TİTCK Genelge 2016/3 says green prescriptions are used for psychotropic medicines, limits a green prescription to at most two boxes containing the same active ingredient unless the specified specialist report supports more, requires the physician and pharmacist fields, and prohibits repeating red or green prescriptions; it also says medicines outside the published lists must not be written or dispensed. A valid prescription therefore makes lawful medicinal dispensing possible, while unprescribed retail sale is not permitted. For criminal exposure, TCK Art. 188(6) extends the Art. 188 rules to substances producing narcotic or stimulant effects whose sale requires an authorized physician prescription. On the statutory text, unauthorized in-country selling, offering, giving, dispatching, transporting, storing, buying, accepting or possessing a covered substance carries at least 10 years' imprisonment and 1,000-20,000 days' judicial fine under Art. 188(3), while unauthorized manufacture/import/export carries 20-30 years and 2,000-20,000 days under Art. 188(1). TCK Art. 191 separately provides 2-5 years for buying, accepting, possessing or using for personal use, with a five-year deferred-prosecution and supervised-release framework; classification between Arts. 188 and 191 is fact-specific and a lawful prescription is not the same as unauthorized possession. Currentness check: the official controlled-medicine list is dated 30 July 2025; the Ministry of Justice consolidation was uploaded 23 June 2025 and includes the 2023 Law 7445 changes, while the official TBMM record inspected for later Law 7571 records acceptance on 24 December 2025 and publication in Official Gazette 33118 on 25 December 2025. No inspected official record changed the cited Arts. 188/191 ranges after those amendments; product-specific licensing and any later list revision should still be checked for a particular prescription.

The legacy label 'Strictly controlled' is normalized to prescription_only: UAE's official EDE list identifies tramadol as a Controlled Drug (CD), while EDE's current personal-import service permits medically authorized use/import with the required prescription or medical report. Travelers may carry no more than the patient's need for a maximum three months; prior electronic approval is optional for travelers, but the prescription/medical report must be carried and authenticated by the relevant health authority. Residents importing personal narcotic or psychotropic medicines must apply electronically. The Official Platform of the UAE Government page, updated 16 July 2026, states that Federal Decree by Law No. 30 of 2021 criminalizes production, import, export, transport, buying, selling, possessing and storing narcotic and psychotropic substances unless undertaken as supervised and regulated medical or scientific activity. The fetched current government guidance does not state a universal four-year sentence for tramadol; that legacy number is therefore not retained. Exact sentencing for unauthorized possession, import, supply or use is offense- and circumstance-specific and must not be inferred from the EDE travel allowance. The EDE list itself records a 15 September 2022 update, so its date is disclosed even though the list remains linked from the current EDE service page.