Loading page
Loading page
Loading substance route
When used in combination with psychedelics, cannabis is capable of intensifying and extending the duration of both the visual and cognitive effects with extreme efficiency. This should be used with caution if one is not experienced with psychedelics. When used in combination…
Cannabis is capable of inconsistently inducing mild psychedelic geometry at extremely high doses within many users. Within many users who also regularly use psychedelics, however, it is capable of inducing these consistently in a visual style which seems to be an averaged out depiction of all the psychedelics one has used within the past. These rarely extend beyond level 4 and are considered to be mild, fine, small and zoomed out (but often well-defined).
These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Low to moderate abuse potential with risk of psychological dependence in some individuals with chronic use. Studies estimate 5-10% of users may become daily users at some point, though most discontinue by age 30. Dependence rates are lower than both alcohol and nicotine.
Mild physical dependence can develop with regular daily use. Withdrawal symptoms include irritability, insomnia, sweating, loss of appetite, and restlessness, typically lasting 1-2 weeks but occasionally up to 6 weeks in heavy users. Symptoms are never life-threatening.
No confirmed deaths from cannabis-only poisoning have been published. Given the widespread use of cannabis, fatal reactions appear to be essentially unheard of. The substance has very low physical toxicity and is considered impossible to physically overdose on.
Chronic smoking may cause respiratory issues including coughing, bronchitis, increased throat and lung infections, and reduced lung capacity; however, well-designed epidemiological studies have not found increased risk of lung cancer or COPD from cannabis alone, with pulmonary risks far lower than tobacco smoking.
Acute cardiovascular effects including increased heart rate and blood pressure changes occur during intoxication; a large study of 65,000 individuals found no increased mortality in users under 50, though those with pre-existing heart conditions may face elevated risk.
Regular use may cause cognitive effects including short-term memory impairment, reduced motivation, and difficulty learning; these effects are typically reversible with abstinence, and well-controlled studies have not found evidence of permanent IQ loss or brain structure changes from cannabis use.
Acute psychotic symptoms including paranoia, delusions, and anxiety can occur, particularly at high doses. Prolonged use may increase psychosis risk in predisposed individuals with family history of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. A 2011 FDA report found no clear causal linkage between cannabis use and psychotic disorders in otherwise healthy people, though associations have been documented between adolescent use and later psychotic diagnoses.
Cannabis represents one of humanity's oldest cultivated plants, first domesticated approximately 12,000 years ago in East Asia during the early Neolithic period. Genetic and archaeological evidence suggests human use may extend even further back, possibly to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period…
UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961
UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971
UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988
Cannabis remains controlled and illegal, but the Supreme Court ruled in August 2009 that prosecution of private use is unconstitutional. Small amounts for personal possession are decriminalized.
No amount of cannabis is legal to possess. However, possession of up to 3 grams by adults for personal use is tolerated, as is cultivation of one female plant. Police often register such offenses anonymously and the state typically does not prosecute.
Listed in Schedule 1 of the Drugs and Precursors Control Act. Cannabis plants containing greater than 0.2% THC by weight are illegal to grow, possess, or sell.
Cannabis remains illegal to possess, use, and produce. However, a 2008 Supreme Court ruling overturning a medical grower's conviction found that cannabis cultivation is not necessarily 'illegal production,' influencing how lower courts interpret drug laws.
Cannabis is prohibited under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG). Use and possession are partially decriminalized; possession of 6 grams or less is generally not prosecuted, with tolerance levels varying by state. Some medical use has been approved.
Possession, cultivation, sale, and import are forbidden under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. Any offense is punishable by a fine of HK$100,000 and imprisonment for up to 15 years.
Cannabis is illegal for most purposes. Medical prescriptions and licenses have become increasingly available since 2007, with a growing medical cannabis program.
Possession is decriminalized for amounts up to two ounces. Smoking is permitted where cigarette smoking is allowed. Cultivation for personal use is legal, and medical use has been approved. Sale for recreational use remains technically prohibited but is widely ignored, with cannabis sold openly in many markets.
Cannabis is a Schedule 1 controlled substance. Possession for personal use is mostly decriminalized and subject to fines. Prison terms are generally reserved for trafficking offenses.
Cannabis is technically illegal but tolerated under the 'gedoogbeleid' (tolerance policy). Possession of less than 5 grams and cultivation of fewer than 5 plants are not prosecuted. Licensed coffee shops may sell cannabis to adults over 18 and hold limited stock. Cannabis seeds are not controlled. Since March 2003, doctors may prescribe cannabis for medical purposes through pharmacies.
Technical legal status is unclear. However, reports indicate that smoking cannabis is tolerated and not prosecuted. A 2010 report cited sources stating the regime does not consider marijuana to be a drug.
Cannabis is nominally illegal. However, in Peshawar and northern regions, smoking hashish (charas) is socially acceptable and sold in open markets where government enforcement is minimal.
Possession is illegal and even small amounts (1 gram) are not tolerated, with penalties potentially severe. Cannabis seeds are reportedly legal and available through online vendors.
Growing, possession, and selling cannabis are prohibited. Seeds occupy a legal gray area with no explicit legal or illegal status.
Cannabis is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. Cultivation, sale, and possession are illegal with severe penalties including lengthy imprisonment.
Possession and sale are illegal. Possession of up to 50 grams usually results in a fine. Amounts between 50 grams and 2.5 kilograms typically lead to 2 weeks to 1 year imprisonment. Quantities exceeding 2.5 kilograms generally result in 2 to 10 years imprisonment.
Cannabis is a Schedule 2 narcotic. Possession can result in up to 3 years imprisonment.
Cannabis (listed as 'Marihuana') and tetrahydrocannabinols are Schedule I under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning federally illegal to cultivate, buy, possess, or distribute. Paradoxically, synthetic THC (dronabinol/Marinol) is Schedule III with approved medical use. Simple possession of small amounts is almost never prosecuted federally. Multiple states have legalized recreational and medical use in contradiction of federal law. Industrial hemp containing no more than 0.3% THC is legal under the 2018 Farm Bill.
Cannabis laws vary by state. Decriminalized in Western Australia and South Australia. Tasmania, Victoria, and Queensland have ticketing policies for amounts below 50 grams. The federal government approved medical cannabis under strict government license in 2016.
Cannabis sativa is a controlled substance, making the plant and all parts illegal to cultivate, distribute, or possess. Criminal possession exists but enforcement is not strict.
Effectively legalized as of January 2019 for recreational use. Legal to smoke, use, and purchase at age 18 in most provinces. Growing without a license remains technically illegal but is not enforced in most western provinces. Medical cannabis has been available through prescription for longer.
Cannabis is prohibited. Seeds are reportedly legal to sell domestically but illegal to import or export.
Cannabis is a controlled substance. Cultivation and possession are illegal under Greek law.
Despite a long cultural and religious history of cannabis use, it is illegal to grow or possess. Enforcement is inconsistent; use is openly ignored by authorities in some areas, particularly during the festivals of Holi and Shivaratri.
Possession for recreational use is a misdemeanor. Personal use is decriminalized, with possession of small amounts (under 5 grams) resulting in administrative penalties such as confiscation of passport or driver's license rather than criminal charges. Medical use has been approved.
Cannabis is prohibited under the Cannabis Control Act. Penalties for possession, cultivation, and distribution are severe.
A 2009 law decriminalized possession of small quantities of cannabis (up to 5 grams), which are not prosecuted as crimes.
Cannabis is a Class B controlled drug. Cultivation, possession, and sale are illegal under the Misuse of Drugs Act.
Recreational use, possession, and distribution are illegal with no medical exception. The standard penalty for possession of less than 15 grams is a fine of approximately 3000 NOK.
Under Article 299 of the Peruvian penal code, personal possession of up to 8 grams of cannabis is not a criminal offense.
Personal use was decriminalized by Law 30/2000, effective July 2001. Possession of less than 25 grams of leaves and flowering tops, 5 grams of resin, 2.5 grams of oil, or 500mg THC is not a criminal offense, though substances may be seized and possessors referred to mandatory treatment.
Cannabis is prohibited under Russian law. Earlier decriminalization of personal possession of small amounts has reportedly been rescinded.
Cannabis is illegal, with small amounts punishable by fine and larger amounts, cultivation, or sale punishable by imprisonment. Private consumption inside one's home is generally tolerated. Cannabis seeds are legal and commonly available for purchase.
Since 2011, cannabis products containing less than 1% THC are not considered controlled substances. Products exceeding 1% THC are controlled; possession of 10 grams or more, or sale, may result in heavier fines or imprisonment.
Cannabis possession is a criminal offense with no exception for medical use. Cannabis was reclassified as a Class B drug in January 2009 (having previously been downgraded to Class C in 2004).
Cannabis possession is legal for residents aged 18 and older. Uruguay was one of the first countries in the world to fully legalize cannabis in 2013, with implementation of regulations beginning in 2015. Buyers must register with the government.
26 sources cited
