Skip to main content
L

Not yet reviewed: this article is pending editorial review by Lyrea.

Citation noticeOur citation system is being overhauled

References and citation markers may currently be incomplete, mismatched, or incorrect. This system is being rebuilt and reviewed before the full site launch.

6-APDB

6-APDB molecule structure6-APDB molecule structure
6-(2-aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran
4-Desoxy-MDA, EMA-3Open in Piru
Psychoactive Class

6-APDB is a synthetic entactogen and stimulant in the amphetamine, benzofuran, phenethylamine, and dihydrobenzofuran families. It is an analogue of MDA and 6-APB, distinguished from MDA by replacing the heterocyclic 4-position oxygen of its methylenedioxy ring with a methylene bridge. David E. Nichols first synthesized and studied it in 1993 as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to MDMA.

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold25-30 mg
Light30-40 mg
Moderate40-75 mg
Strong100-130 mg
Heavy75-100 mg

Duration

Onset30-60 minutes
Come Up30-60 minutes
Peak2-3 hours
Offset2-3 hours
Total6-8 hours

Subjective Effects

Subjective Effects not written up yet

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Marquis(MQ)
white → purple3
Mecke(ME)
white → green2 → black3
Mandelin(MD)
yellow2 → red2 → black3
Liebermann(LB)
white → orange2 → purple2 → black3
Powered by PROtestkit.eu

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

6-APDB acts as a serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine releasing agent and inhibits reuptake of all three monoamines1, increasing their synaptic availability. In vitro reuptake inhibition is stronger at the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters than at the dopamine transporter1. It also shows partial agonism at the 5-HT2A receptor1, which may contribute to its receptor-mediated effects, while the broader difference from related 6-APB pharmacology remains unclear.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption & half-lifenot documented yetMetabolitesnone documented yet

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

5-HTPAlcoholDXMDissociativesMAOIsMDMAMXENBOMe compoundsSNRIsSSRIsSerotonin releasersStimulantsTramadol
Powered by TripSit

Tolerance

Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.

Full Tolerance
Tolerance builds quickly with prolonged and repeated use, eventually diminishing the drug's positive effects and producing anxious stimulation and dysphoria; increasingly large doses may be needed to achieve the same effects. With time, repeated use, and improper spacing, empathy, love, and sociability enhancement becomes severely diminished.
Baseline Reset
Tolerance returns to baseline after 2–3 months without further consumption.
Half Tolerance
Tolerance is reduced to half after about 21–30 days without further consumption.
Cross Tolerance

Dopaminergic stimulants

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Moderate

Chronic use is described as moderately addictive with high abuse potential, and psychological dependence may develop in some users.

Physical

When dependence has developed, abrupt cessation may produce cravings and withdrawal effects.

Toxicity

Lethal Dosage

The exact toxic dosage is unknown.

Central nervous system

Repeated or high-dose administration may cause neurotoxic effects, possibly producing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor deficits.

Cardiovascular system

Long-term heavy use is described as likely cardiotoxic and may lead to cardiac valvulopathy.

Thermoregulatory system

High doses can dysregulate brain and core-temperature control, causing hyperthermia and serotonin syndrome, which can be fatal if untreated.

History & Culture

Early research

6-APDB was described in 1993 by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University as an analogue of MDMA. The work formed part of research into non-neurotoxic MDMA analogues and included the related compound 5-APDB.

Legality

By Country

Illegal8
United States flagUnited StatesIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
Canada flagCanadaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
France flagFranceIllegal
Germany flagGermanyIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
Italy flagItalyIllegal
Sweden flagSwedenIllegal
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandIllegal
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomIllegal

References

Source Pages

  1. Bluelight: The Main 6-APDB Thread
  2. Erowid: 6-APDB Vault
  3. Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
  4. PsychonautWiki
  5. TripSit Factsheets
  6. TripSit: 6-APDB Factsheet
  7. Wikipedia
  8. Wikipedia: 6-APB

Citations

  1. Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (n.d.). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4500375/12345
  2. Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans. British Journal of Pharmacology (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.1312812
  3. Decreto del Ministero della salute 25 giugno 2013, articolo 1. gazzettaufficiale.it (n.d.). https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2013-07-08&atto.codiceRedazionale=13A05758&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO1
  4. Decreto-legge 20 marzo 2014, n. 36, articolo 1. gazzettaufficiale.it (n.d.). https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.codiceRedazionale=14G00047&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2014-03-21&art.flagTipoArticolo=0&art.idArticolo=1&art.idGruppo=1&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.progressivo=0&art.versione=11
  5. Corte costituzionale, sentenza 16 febbraio 2022, n. 51. gazzettaufficiale.it (n.d.). https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/corte_costituzionale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=T-220051&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2022-03-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=SENTENZA1
  6. Corte costituzionale, sentenza 23 gennaio–8 marzo 2019, n. 40. gazzettaufficiale.it (n.d.). https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/corte_costituzionale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=T-190040&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2019-03-13&atto.tipoProvvedimento=SENTENZA1
  7. Corte costituzionale, sentenza 9 maggio–18 July 2024, n. 138. gazzettaufficiale.it (n.d.). https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/corte_costituzionale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=T-240138&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-07-24&atto.tipoProvvedimento=SENTENZA1
  8. Controlled Drugs and Substances Act — Schedule I, item 19. laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://www.laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-sched95314.html1
  9. Controlled Drugs and Substances Act — section 2 definition of analogue. laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-2.html1
  10. Health Canada’s Controlled Substances Status Determination Process. canada.ca (n.d.). https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/mandate/regulatory-role/what-health-canada-regulates-1/controlled-substances-precursors/overview-substance-control-status-determination-process.html1

Further Reading

  1. Iversen et al. (2013) - Neurochemical profiles of novel psychoactive substances
  2. Monte et al. (1993) - Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran analogues

Article Status

  • Josie Kins avatar
    Step 1 · Automated synthesis

    An autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.

  • Step 2 · First-pass reviewPending

    Not yet reviewed: this article is pending editorial review by Lyrea.

  • Step 3 · Citation reviewPending

    No one has reviewed this article's citations yet. That second pass checks each claim against the source it cites.

Suggest an edit

Spotted a mistake, an outdated claim, or something missing from the 6-APDB article? Send the editors a private note. Feedback lands in a moderation queue and is never shown on the site.

Wish to give generalised feedback? You can do so here.