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6-APDB
6-APDB is a synthetic entactogen and stimulant in the amphetamine, benzofuran, phenethylamine, and dihydrobenzofuran families. It is an analogue of MDA and 6-APB, distinguished from MDA by replacing the heterocyclic 4-position oxygen of its methylenedioxy ring with a methylene bridge. David E. Nichols first synthesized and studied it in 1993 as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to MDMA.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Duration
Subjective Effects
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
6-APDB acts as a serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine releasing agent and inhibits reuptake of all three monoamines1, increasing their synaptic availability. In vitro reuptake inhibition is stronger at the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters than at the dopamine transporter1. It also shows partial agonism at the 5-HT2A receptor1, which may contribute to its receptor-mediated effects, while the broader difference from related 6-APB pharmacology remains unclear.
Pharmacokinetics
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Dopaminergic stimulants
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
ModerateChronic use is described as moderately addictive with high abuse potential, and psychological dependence may develop in some users.
Physical
When dependence has developed, abrupt cessation may produce cravings and withdrawal effects.
Toxicity
The exact toxic dosage is unknown.
Repeated or high-dose administration may cause neurotoxic effects, possibly producing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor deficits.
Long-term heavy use is described as likely cardiotoxic and may lead to cardiac valvulopathy.
High doses can dysregulate brain and core-temperature control, causing hyperthermia and serotonin syndrome, which can be fatal if untreated.
History & Culture
Early research
6-APDB was described in 1993 by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University as an analogue of MDMA. The work formed part of research into non-neurotoxic MDMA analogues and included the related compound 5-APDB.
Legality
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
Further Reading
Article Status
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