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In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 4-FA is particularly free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset. In low doses, it is considered to be an extremely functional and effective nootropic for performing tasks or…
These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Chronic use of 4-FA can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Withdrawal effects have been reported upon cessation of chronic use.
Human lethal dose is not established. Three deaths in Melbourne in 2017 were associated with fluoroamphetamine (isomer not determined) in combination with 25C-NBOMe. Several deaths in the Netherlands have occurred from cardiac arrest or stroke following moderate doses. The Drug Classroom suggests a potential human equivalent lethal dose somewhere between 3.7 and 12.2 mg/kg based on mouse data extrapolation.
| Species | Route | Value |
|---|---|---|
| mouse | IP | 46 mg/kg |
| mouse (male) | oral | 150 mg/kg |
| mouse (female) | oral | 25 mg/kg |
Acute cardiovascular toxicity appears to be an especially high risk with 4-FA, even at moderate doses; reported complications include arrhythmias (sinus arrhythmia, ventricular extrasystoles, conduction disturbances), acute cardiac failure, cardiomyopathy including reverse takotsubo syndrome, cerebral hemorrhage, and stroke. Some users in the Netherlands have died from cardiac arrest or suffered severe brain damage from stroke.
Animal studies suggest 4-FA has relatively low potential for neurotoxicity compared to related halogenated amphetamines; it does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain serotonin, unlike its analogs 4-CA and 4-BA.
4-FA is particularly caustic compared to other compounds and can cause chemical burns within the nasal passage and throat when insufflated.
One fatal case of extensive bowel ischemia has been reported following chronic 4-FA use.
4-FA, like other stimulants, can result in stimulant psychosis that may present with paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions. Based on research on related amphetamines, approximately 5-15% of users who develop stimulant psychosis may fail to recover completely. Delirium and confusion typically only occur with overly high doses, particularly when combined with temperature dysregulation and overheating in physically strenuous environments. Antipsychotic medications have been shown to effectively resolve symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.
Seizures are a rare effect but are thought to be able to occur in those predisposed to them, especially when taking heavier-than-recommended doses or redosing while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, fatigued, undernourished, or overheated.
4-Fluoroamphetamine was first synthesized in the early 1940s, though no records exist of the compound being tested in humans for many years following its initial preparation. During the 1960s, researchers began investigating 4-FA alongside other para-substituted amphetamine derivatives in animal
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation as an amphetamine analogue.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Scheduled in the government decree on narcotic substances, preparations, and plants. Possession, production, and distribution are prohibited.
Added to Anlage I of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act) in 2012. Manufacturing, possession, import, export, purchase, sale, and dispensing without a license are prohibited.
Added to the list of controlled substances in December 2007. Buying, selling, and possession are prohibited.
Controlled under the Opium Act as of May 25, 2017. Prior to scheduling, 4-FA was notably popular in the Netherlands, with surveys indicating 77% of users chose it for its specific effects rather than its legal status.
Listed as a controlled substance under national drug legislation.
Controlled substance as of March 1, 2011 under national drug legislation.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Classified as a controlled drug. Possession, production, supply, and import are prohibited.
Not currently scheduled at the federal level, though may be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act if sold for human consumption due to structural similarity to amphetamine. On June 3, 2025, the DEA announced intent to place 4-FA into Schedule I, with public comments closing July 3, 2025. Controlled at the state level in Arizona (Dangerous Drug since April 2014), Florida (Schedule I), Louisiana (Schedule I since June 2013), and Virginia (Schedule I since July 2012).
Illegal to possess, produce, and sell under the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act).
Added to Lista F2 under Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 in July 2015. Possession, production, and sale are prohibited.
Not specifically listed under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, but Health Canada considers it an analogue of amphetamine under Item 1 of Schedule III, which includes amphetamines, their salts, derivatives, isomers, and analogues.
Controlled as a Category I psychotropic substance under SFDA regulations. Sale, purchase, import, export, and manufacture are illegal.
Prohibited substance under national drug legislation.
Scheduled as a controlled narcotic since 2012. Possession, purchase, sale, and manufacture are prohibited under French drug legislation.
Became a controlled substance in January 2012 under national drug legislation.
Listed in Tabella I of the controlled substances tables (Tabelle delle sostanze stupefacenti e psicotrope). Possession, purchase, and sale are prohibited.
Controlled as a Class C substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act due to classification as an amphetamine analogue.
Controlled substance as of April 2013 under national drug legislation.
Controlled substance as of August 27, 2014 under national drug legislation.
Specifically named as a controlled substance under Verzeichnis D of the Swiss narcotics legislation.
Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 via the 1977 amphetamine analogue clause, which covers phenethylamine derivatives with halide ring substituents. Class A carries the most severe penalties for possession, supply, and production.
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