A-PVP

Alpha-PVP (alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone) is a Schedule I controlled substance under the federal Controlled Substances Act.¹⁹⁶ DEA permanently placed alpha-PVP, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, and their salts and salts of isomers where possible in Schedule I effective March 1, 2017. Except as authorized by federal law, knowing possession is unlawful, as are manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, and possession with intent to do so.

China's current official public-security directory expressly lists α-PVP by Chinese and English chemical name, CAS number and abbreviation as item 91 of the 2025 non-medical narcotic and psychotropic directory. The current Shenzhen Public Security Bureau page states the list is current as of 1 July 2026. The 2025 notice says the revised non-medical directory took effect on publication and repealed the former supplementary directory, so the 2015 listing is historical continuity only. Under current Article 4, listed non-medical substances may be used only for experimental research in accordance with the regulation and may not be produced, operated/dealt in, used, stored or transported; Article 10 requires approval and specified medical, scientific-research or teaching purpose and safeguards. This is not a normal prescription-medicine classification. No authorized α-PVP medicinal product was established by the inspected schedule sources; the conclusion is limited to national mainland-China schedules and does not assess Hong Kong, Macao, or local enforcement variations.

Corrected. The legacy note's claimed New Psychoactive Substances Legislation and 24 June 2011 date were not substantiated by the current Cyprus instruments. The current schedule does not name α-PVP separately, but applying the supplied identity (alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one) to paragraph 11 reaches the 2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone skeleton, the position-3 alkyl chain, and nitrogen participation in a pyrrolidine ring. This is a structural legal application, not an exact-name listing; a Cyprus court or competent authority controls any borderline identity determination. As a Part II controlled drug, ordinary import/export, manufacture/preparation, supply/sale/distribution, acquisition and possession are prohibited by Law 29/1977 subject to its regulations, licences and professional exceptions. No α-PVP product was found in the inspected K.D.P. 37/2023 mandatory-prescription table, and the Ministry human-medicine search endpoint returned Session expired, so no α-PVP medicine or product-level prescription authorization is identified. The existence of regulated controlled-drug prescriptions does not create an ordinary consumer medicine route. Greek is the controlling text; English descriptions are translations/paraphrases.

Corrects the legacy note 'Listed in Regulation No. 73 as of June 2, 2014.' The current 2026 Annex 1 expressly names alpha-PVP in List I. Consequently, ordinary handling (including possession, consumption, transfer, manufacture, storage and transport) is prohibited under NPAS § 3(1), subject to the statute's narrow medical, scientific, crime-control and educational exceptions. A normal patient prescription should not be presented as a route to obtain raw alpha-PVP: the current official medicine-preparation table has no alpha-PVP preparation, and NPAS § 4(9) does not create public List I dispensing. The prescription limits above describe the framework for a lawfully authorized narcotic medicine, not an alpha-PVP retail exception. Product-level registration or a hypothetical unregistered/magistral preparation would require separate current authorization evidence. Estonia's listed-substance framework expressly covers listed groups and isomers, esters, ethers and salts, but the sources inspected do not establish a blanket pharmacological analogue rule for every structurally similar unlisted compound.

The selected legacy row is substantively supported but is normalized from the article's non-canonical status Illegal to prohibited. The current ANSM snapshot expressly lists alpha-PVP and attributes that entry to the 4 November 2016 amendment. It also supports the separate generic cathinone rule, but the explicit alpha-PVP name is the direct classification basis. The ANSM compilation is an information snapshot: it states that only the amended 22 February 1990 ministerial order and published ANSM director-general decisions are legally opposable, and that the Legifrance version does not include ANSM decisions since February 2022. The fetched official material does not itself state the legacy row's asserted 10 November effective date, so that date is not repeated as an independently established claim. Unless expressly authorized, R5132-74 prohibits operations involving classified narcotics. PEPPS summarizes illicit production/manufacture as 20 years' imprisonment and €7,500,000, and illicit transport, possession, offer, transfer, acquisition or employment as 10 years and €7,500,000; the exact charge depends on facts and legal qualification. No a-PVP medicinal product or prescription authorization is established here: the official medicines database is a product/AMM lookup, and the ANSM prescription table is limited to named medicines and does not create a prescription route for raw alpha-PVP or an unverified presentation.

The 2018 Gazette directly names α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and its Greek name in Table A and states that the decision takes effect on publication. The latest located later amendments were inspected: Gazette B' 1067/10.03.2025 adds butonitazene and dipentylone to Table A and bromazolam to Table D; Gazette B' 3277/11.06.2026 adds 2-MMC, NEP and 4-BMC to Table A. Neither fetched amendment lists alpha-PVP as removed or transferred. Law 4139/2013 uses the Table A-D system and permits ministerial additions, removals, transfers or changes to disposal conditions after the Narcotics Committee's opinion. Law 4600/2019 article 90 requires electronic prescriptions marked «ΕΙΔΙΚΗ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΗ ΝΑΡΚΩΤΙΚΩΝ» for preparations containing substances in Tables A-D, with only substances from the same table on each prescription and a printed copy retained by physicians for three years; that medicine-prescription rule does not turn alpha-PVP into an ordinary prescription medicine. The official Ministry of Health consolidated-table page was identified but returned HTTP 503 to the fetcher, so the consolidated attachment/current page could not be inspected. This result therefore relies on the directly fetched 2018 alpha-PVP listing plus the directly fetched 2025 and 2026 amendment Gazettes and states that limitation expressly; it does not claim that every intervening amendment was machine-read. The EOF official product-search page and human-search portal were inspected as authorization entry points, but no alpha-PVP authorized-product record was established in the dossier fetch; no OTC, ordinary-prescription, marketing authorization, formulation, salt, isomer or derivative status is inferred.

India: Alpha-PVP is prohibited as an NDPS psychotropic substance (Act Schedule entry 110L; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)pentan-1-one) and is in NDPS Rules Schedule I. Unauthorized manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, use, transport or import/export is prohibited; only tightly authorized medical/scientific/Chapter VIIA pathways apply. The fetched current medicine rules provide prescription controls for substances actually in Schedules H/H1/X, but no alpha-PVP medicine route was established. Verify the exact derivative, salt/preparation, formulation and any applicable quantity notification before applying a penalty category.

The existing Italy row is substantively supported but has a non-canonical 'Illegal' label and should be normalized to canonicalStatus prohibited. The official 18 May 2018 decree expressly identifies alpha-PVP as already covered by the Table I structural-analogue category and then formally inserts it by name, with its chemical name and synonyms. The decree was published in G.U. n. 126 on 1 June 2018 and provides entry into force on the fifteenth day after publication, i.e. 16 June 2018. The current Normattiva record reports the D.P.R. text as vigente al 27/08/2026 and last updated 06/08/2026. Article 14 extends table coverage to isomers, esters, ethers, salts and chemically possible stereoisomers unless expressly excepted. Article 73 is the relevant illicit-production/trafficking framework for Table I substances, subject to its authorization, personal-use and other statutory qualifications; this result does not state a penalty amount or attempt to replace the current consolidated wording with the 1990 original text. No claim is made that alpha-PVP is an authorized prescription medicine; any medicinal presentation would require a separate current AIFA product authorization and supply-regime check.

The legacy Latvia entry only said that A-PVP was a controlled substance. It should be corrected to the canonical prohibited status. The current Latvian Annex 2 does not name alpha-PVP as a standalone row, but its List I generic cathinone rule expressly covers a 2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-one derivative with a cyclic nitrogen and an alkyl substitution at propanone position 3; the official EU control decision identifies A-PVP as 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one and describes it as structurally related to cathinone. Latvia's controlled-substances law places Lists I-III and their derivatives, isomers, structural analogues, active metabolites, esters, ethers and salts under control, and §5 prohibits cultivation, production, manufacture, import, export, distribution, advertising, transport, storage, transfer, acquisition, use and transit of List I plants, substances and medicines. The conclusion is limited to the substance-level classification; no separate product authorization, dispensing, threshold, or penalty analysis is implied. The Latvia dossier supplied with the packet concerns dextromethorphan and flags broad-scope interpretation as a limitation, but the current Annex 2 cathinone provision supplies the directly relevant A-PVP rule.

The existing New Zealand entry said that alpha-PVP is a Class A controlled drug and attributed the classification to the 2022 Order, but had no subsection citation. Current Medsafe database results directly support the substance identity and Class A classification: searching alpha-PVP returns alpha-PVP (synonym for alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone) as Class A Controlled Drug; searching alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone returns the parent name, alpha-PVP, 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpentan-1-one, and Desmethyl pyrovalerone, all as Class A Controlled Drug. The Ministry's 2022 Cabinet paper identifies α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) in Schedule 1 (Class A), describes its very-high risk of harm and lack of known therapeutic value, and the Ministry's current administrative page states that the 2022 Order's new classifications for 45 substances took effect on 15 December 2022. Class A status makes unauthorised possession, use, manufacture, import, export, and supply subject to the Misuse of Drugs Act rather than the low-risk Psychoactive Substances Act route; Police's current summary gives maximum penalties of 6 months and/or NZ$1,000 for Class A possession and life imprisonment for Class A supply or manufacture. These penalty figures are maxima and do not determine an individual case. The New Zealand Legislation Act and Order pages were fetched but returned an AWS WAF challenge in this environment, so the exact operative schedule text is not quoted from those pages; the current Medsafe database and official Ministry materials provide the direct classification evidence. This result does not infer approval of any alpha-PVP medicine or product-specific formulation, and it does not treat Police discretion regarding personal-possession prosecution as decriminalisation.

The legacy Portugal row is corrected from the non-canonical label Illegal to canonicalStatus prohibited. The latest fetched official schedule republication places α-PVP in Table II-A and identifies it as 1-fenil-2-(pirrolidin-1-il)-pentan-1-one (α-pirrolidinovalerofenona). Under Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93, Article 2(4) subjects substances in the tables to controls including production, manufacture, trade, distribution, import, export, transport, possession and use. Article 21(1) provides four to twelve years' imprisonment for unauthorized listed Table I-III activity, including offering, sale, distribution, receipt, transport, import, export and unlawful detention outside the personal-use rule. Personal-use acquisition and detention are treated separately: Lei n.º 55/2023's current Article 40(2) makes acquisition and detention for own consumption a contraordenação; exceeding the ten-day average-consumption quantity is an evidentiary indication, and exclusive own-consumption can lead to archiving, non-indictment or acquittal under Article 40(3)-(4). This does not legalize supply, trafficking or non-personal possession. No product-level medicine authorization, formulation, route, strength, pack or prescription/OTC exception is asserted; the schedule classification is substance-level. The inspected INFARMED compiled PDF and the current Diário da República republication establish the schedule and general offense framework, while the latest personal-use wording is established by the separately fetched 2023 amendment. The consolidated Diário da República HTML portal rendered blank in this fetch, so the cited PDF publications were used instead.

Alpha-PVP is expressly scheduled in Slovenia's most recent PISRS consolidated schedule as a Group I substance. ZPPPD defines Group I as plants/substances very dangerous because of abuse and not used in medicine; possession is prohibited except under the statutory exceptions, and Group I production, trade and possession are limited to scientific-research and educational purposes. The statute's ministerial-permit provisions apply to the permitted activities. The medicine-prescription regulation's special-prescription category covers medicines containing narcotic or psychotropic substances from Groups II, IIIa and IIIc, not Group I. Accordingly, alpha-PVP has no ordinary patient prescription or pharmacy-dispensing route under these rules. This result addresses substance-level scheduling and statutory medicine/prescription rules; it does not assert that no future or hypothetical product authorization could ever exist.

The legacy row is corrected from the non-canonical label 'Controlled (Verzeichnis D)' to canonicalStatus prohibited and the official lower-case designation 'Verzeichnis d'. The current consolidated Swiss schedule inspected (stand 13 March 2026) expressly names alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenon/alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenon/alpha-PVP in Verzeichnis d. Under BetmG Article 19, unauthorized cultivation, manufacture, storage, shipment, transport, import/export/transit, sale, supply, possession, acquisition or other obtaining of narcotics is punishable by up to three years' imprisonment or a monetary penalty; aggravated cases involving danger to many people, a gang, major commercial turnover/profit, or commercial supply near youth institutions carry at least one year's imprisonment, potentially with a monetary penalty. Unauthorized intentional consumption, or an Article 19 offense committed for personal consumption, is punished by a fine under Article 19a; in minor cases proceedings may be discontinued or punishment waived, and Article 19b provides a narrow non-punishability rule for preparing only a minor quantity for one's own consumption or giving it free to an adult for simultaneous shared consumption, without setting an alpha-PVP-specific quantity. Article 8(5) allows the BAG, where no international agreement bars it, to issue exception permits for prohibited narcotics under Article 8(3) for scientific research, medicine development or limited medical application; BetmKV Article 8 identifies the BAG as the authority for exceptions concerning Verzeichnis-d substances. These permits are narrow exceptions and do not create general possession, supply or recreational-use legality. The finding concerns exact alpha-PVP and the expressly named synonyms, not unlisted analogues.

The official UAE Schedule 5 expressly lists alpha-PVP (also called alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone) by chemical name as Cathinones item 41. Schedule 5 states that its listed psychotropic substances include stereoisomers where possible and also derivatives, metabolites, salts and preparations wherever their presence is possible and in any proportion, unless specifically excluded. Article 1 defines psychotropic substances by reference to Schedules 5-8. Article 10(1) prohibits importing, exporting, transferring, producing, manufacturing, bringing into the UAE, possessing or acquiring substances in Schedule 5 and related activity; Article 10(2) allows monitoring of medical uses and scientific research only through the specialized scientific authorities and conditions established under the law, not as a general consumer or prescription exception. Article 57 sends Article 10(1) violations to Schedule 10. Schedule 10 Group 1 applies to narcotics and psychotropic substances in Schedules 1, 2, 4 Section 1 and 5: below 20 grams, imprisonment and a fine of at least AED 100,000; 20 to 100 grams, imprisonment of at least 10 years and a fine of at least AED 100,000; above 100 grams, life imprisonment and a fine of at least AED 500,000. Article 41 separately penalizes unauthorized personal use or addiction involving Schedule 5 substances with at least three months' imprisonment or AED 20,000-100,000 for a first offense, at least six months or AED 30,000-100,000 for a second offense within three years, and at least two years plus a fine of at least AED 100,000 for a third or later offense. Article 42 BIS provides a narrow AED 5,000-1,000,000 monetary-penalty regime for a non-citizen, non-legal-resident port entrant found with a substance for addiction or personal use (excluding medically authorized cases), with confiscation and destruction; it does not legalize alpha-PVP. Article 75 generally requires deportation of a foreigner convicted under the decree-law, subject to the listed family exceptions. The article's prior status label Illegal is corrected to the canonical prohibited status; the substantive conclusion is supported by the current official schedule and law.

The existing Belgium row said only that A-PVP is a controlled substance. Current AFMPS schedule material supports correcting that vague wording to the canonical prohibited status: exact α-PVP is named in Annex IIB, the Belgian schedule corresponding to Schedule II of the 1971 Convention. The current Annex II PDF is marked valid from 29 March 2026 and the AFMPS indicative workbook is version-dated 16 July 2026. Annex IVa generic cathinone controls are not needed to establish the result; Annex IV itself says its generic national list excludes substances already listed in Annexes I-III, and α-PVP is already named in Annex IIB. The AFMPS warns that consolidated annex aids have no independent legal value and that only annexes and amendments published in the Moniteur belge are legally authoritative; this limitation is retained here. Medicine control is conditional and formulation-specific: the official medicines classification text treats a medicine containing a non-exempt psychotropic substance as prescription medicine with special mentions, while allowing dose/form/packaging derogations. This research found no basis to describe α-PVP as an authorized medicine, OTC product, or prescription medicine; any such claim would require a separate AFMPS authorization and product leaflet. The 2017 decree publication states that public pharmacy delivery of medicines containing Annex II substances requires a medical prescription, but the consulted OpenJustice page reproduces the Moniteur text and expressly advises consulting the original official publication.

Corrects the legacy uncited entry using the current consolidated Decreto 867 portal, which identifies its latest version as 16-Sep-2023 and still expressly lists Alfa PVP in Article 1. The named insertion is Decreto N.º 1.524, promulgated 23-Nov-2015 and published 30-Jan-2016. Alfa PVP is therefore normalized to prohibited, not merely restricted or prescription-only. The medicinal prescription rules above describe the conditional dispensing framework for substances/products appearing in the Decreto 404/405 medicinal lists; they do not create an ordinary patient prescription route for raw Alfa PVP listed under Decreto 867 Article 1. Law N.º 21.817 was published 23-May-2026 and its Article 4 note directs a six-month update to Decreto 867 for low-quantity substances capable of serious toxic effects. The current official Decreto 867 portal inspected here has a latest version dated 16-Sep-2023, so no post-2023 replacement schedule was identified as of 27-Aug-2026; do not infer the outcome of any future amendment. No product-registration search was performed, so this result does not assert that no hypothetical future ISP-authorized formulation could ever exist. The official Ley Chile reader returned HTTP 401 to direct text fetches in this environment; the cited official pages were therefore fetched through the BCN browser portal, and the schedule text, effective/version metadata and relevant provisions were inspected there.

Supported correction of the legacy Restricted note. Resolution 000116 of 27 January 2026 expressly lists a-PVP/a-pirrolidinovalerofenona as item 469 in Annex Technical 1, headed 'Listado de sustancias incluidas como sustancias de control especial y sometidas a fiscalización.' The current act is the operative schedule update: its Article 4 says it modifies Resolution 315/2020's Article 4 and Annexes 1-4 from its issuance date. I normalize the legacy Restricted label to canonical restricted_other because the fetched schedule establishes national fiscalization/control but does not itself state a blanket criminal prohibition for all conduct. a-PVP is not an entry in the inspected human controlled-medicine Annex Technical 3; therefore no product-level prescription or OTC claim is made. If a future authorized medicine containing a controlled active were at issue, the Resolution 000116 Article 1 combination/form/concentration rule and Resolution 1478 Articles 80-90 official-prescription regime would apply as relevant. Product authorization, formulation, concentration, salt and any other preparation must be checked separately.

The current Czech consolidated schedule expressly names α-PVP and gives the matching chemical identity, so the existing generic controlled-substance characterization is corrected to canonicalStatus prohibited rather than left as an unspecific label. Annex 4 covers psychotropic substances in the international List I and additional psychotropics whose use is restricted to limited research, scientific and very limited therapeutic purposes specified in a handling authorization. Act 167/1998 defines listed substances as addictive substances, defines handling broadly (including research, manufacture, processing, storage, delivery, use, purchase and sale), and generally requires a handling authorization. This is an exact listing, not an analogue inference. The Annex 4 closing note extends coverage to chemically possible stereoisomers (unless expressly excepted) and salts and esters where they can exist; it does not establish a general blanket rule for every structurally related cathinone or pyrovalerone. The fetched sources do not establish an authorized α-PVP medicinal product or product-specific dispensing category. SÚKL's current medicine database is the required product-level source for any claimed medicine exception; absence of a product record was not used as a standalone unscheduled finding.

Finland's current consolidated 543/2008 schedule expressly lists α-Pyrrolidiinivalerofenoni (α-PVP) with the chemical description 1-fenyyli-2-(1-pyrrolidinyyli)-1-pentanoni in the psychotropic-convention list II. The same Liite II list extends control to chemically possible stereoisomers, salts (including salts of listed isomers), and preparations containing listed substances. Narcotics Act 373/2008 § 5 prohibits production, manufacture, import, export, transport, transit, distribution, trade, handling, possession and use of a narcotic; exceptions must be separately authorized for medical, research, supervisory/control or industrial purposes. The current schedule was consolidated 2026-06-25; the latest 651/2026 amendment effective 2026-07-10 changed Liitteet I, III and IV, not Liite II, while 1119/2025 (effective 2025-12-29) is the latest amendment replacing Liite II. The inspected prescription decree's § 20 prohibition applies to psychotropic list I narcotics (and 1961 convention list IV), not list II; it does not create an ordinary α-PVP prescription route, and no α-PVP medicine record was identified in the inspected Fimea SPC/PL portal. This result does not assert that every structural or pharmacological analogue is automatically controlled: the schedule's express stereoisomer/salt/preparation scope and the Narcotics Act's separate NPS/positional-isomer mechanisms are the established limits.

The current consolidated National Legislation Database rendition of 78/2022 is dated 2026-06-29. Its exact P1 row identifies alpha-PVP as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone / 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone, C15H21NO, InChIKey YDIIDRWHPFMLGR-UHFFAOYSA-N. P1 listing covers the chemically corresponding stereoisomers and existing salts unless expressly excepted. Under 66/2012 §3(1), the listed operations (including possession, use, acquisition, production, distribution, storage, import/export and transfer) require an activity permit; under §4(7), P1 psychotropics may be used only for research or industrial purposes, subject to the Gytv §25(2) exception. This supports prohibited/controlled treatment for ordinary non-authorized possession or use, not unscheduled or ordinary prescription-only treatment. The prior uncited entry's unqualified statement that the Criminal Code treats every Annex 2 P1 substance as a kábítószer and criminalizes all listed conduct is not repeated: the current Medicines Act separately defines kábítószer by Annex 1 and pszichotróp anyag by Annex 2, while current Btk §178(1) is worded for kábítószer. No product-specific alpha-PVP marketing authorization or dispensing status was established: NNGYK states that controlled-medicine lists are integrated into its daily-refreshed Gyógyszeradatbázis, but the reader-visible database landing page is JavaScript-driven. Any alleged medicinal product must therefore be checked by its exact authorization, strength, formulation and presentation; ordinary prescription rules do not legalize unlicensed alpha-PVP possession or use.

The legacy entry said only ‘Controlled substance’ and asserted generic controlled-cathinone coverage without a citation. The current Irish texts support that structural conclusion: alpha-PVP is 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one; the Irish Schedule 1 clause covers substances structurally derived from 2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone with an alkyl substitution at the propanone side-chain and/or nitrogen inclusion in a cyclic structure, excluding only bupropion, diethylpropion and pyrovalerone. The 2022 designation order repeats the clause and makes Schedule 1 drugs unlawful for manufacture, production, preparation, sale, supply, distribution and possession except the listed research/industrial special purposes. This is therefore a statutory Schedule 1 prohibition, not an inference from the substance being generally called a cathinone. A patient prescription does not create an ordinary retail route: the Regulations' professional/pharmacy supply and possession exemptions enumerate Schedules 2-5 (not Schedule 1), while Regulation 6 licensing and the 2022 Order's special-purpose provisions preserve narrow authorized research/industrial routes. The HPRA authorised-human-medicines XML published 2026-08-27 had no alpha-PVP text match; that negative register inspection is recorded as a limitation and is not treated as proof that no exceptional product authorization could ever exist.

The legacy row said only that alpha-PVP was a controlled substance since 2010. The current Lithuanian schedule is directly inspectable and supports a stronger, current disposition: alpha-PVP is covered by the expressly defined pyrovalerone derivative group in List I item 112. NTAKD's official unlawful-possession reporting form identifies Alfa-PVP as alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, providing the official identity bridge. Under Control Law § 3(3), every derivative belonging to a listed derivative group automatically receives the same control regime as the principal compound. The structural application is limited to the text of item 112: alpha-PVP's pentan-1-one chain is the listed propan-1-one core with the permitted C3 alkyl substitution; no broad pharmacological-analogue inference is used. The List I heading and §§ 4(2)(1), 8(1) establish prohibition of lawful circulation/use except qualifying registered medicinal-product, authorized scientific-research, law-enforcement/control, or accredited-laboratory-reference exceptions. A raw alpha-PVP sample is not made lawful for ordinary possession, supply, transport, import/export, manufacture, or use by writing a patient prescription. The fetched materials do not establish an alpha-PVP registered medicinal product, so no medicine-specific exception is asserted. The historical 2010 date is not carried forward because the current sources establish the operative classification but do not identify the original listing instrument/date.

The legacy Netherlands row is substantively supported but normalized from the non-canonical label Illegal to canonicalStatus prohibited. The operative official consolidation inspected on 27 August 2026 names α-PVP and alfa-pyrrolidinevalerofenon in List I. Article 2 prohibits listed List I means from being brought into or out of the Netherlands, cultivated/prepared/processed, sold, delivered/supplied, transported, possessed, or manufactured. This result addresses the statutory controlled-substance listing and ordinary conduct; it does not infer a medicine authorization, prescription route, or penalty level for a particular formulation. The consulted consolidated portal states it is in force from 9 July 2026 through the present date.

As of 2026-08-27, Norway expressly lists α-PVP in the operative Narkotikalisten as P II and subject to the strict § 5 prohibition marker. The listed chemical designation is α-pyrrolidinovalerofenon and the row gives CAS 14530-33-7. Under § 5, manufacture, acquisition, trade, import, export, storage, possession and use are prohibited. The second paragraph permits an exception only by regulation or individual decision where medical or scientific needs exist, and § 9 import/export controls still apply; the traveler exception concerns lawful narcotic-containing medicines for personal medical use and does not create an ordinary route for raw α-PVP. Norway's generic cathinone group is structurally broad and may independently cover qualifying α-PVP-like compounds, but α-PVP itself does not require a generic-group inference because it is expressly named. Prescription status is a product/regulatory matter and cannot override the independent § 5 narcotics prohibition. The inspected sources establish no α-PVP medicine product or product-specific prescription-group designation; this is not treated as proof that no exceptional unregistered or future product route could exist. Any asserted product must be checked by exact authorization, formulation, strength and presentation, and would still need to satisfy the § 5 medical/scientific exception and narcotics controls.

The packet's legacy note (‘Schedule IV controlled substance since July 1, 2015’) is corrected: the current official schedule expressly places Alfa-PVP/a-PVP in psychotropic group II-P, item 57, with the matching chemical designation. Under the Drug Addiction Act, II-P substances may be used only for medical, industrial or research purposes, and possession requires legal authorization; ordinary recreational possession, use, supply, manufacture, import or export is not authorized. If a lawful medicinal preparation were ever authorized, pharmacy dispensing of a preparation containing a II-P psychotropic would require the specially marked prescription or requisition route, and the ordinary-prescription exception is limited to III-P/IV-P psychotropics. The official RPL exact-name queries for alpha-PVP and Alfa-PVP returned no active-substance match on 2026-08-27, so no current alpha-PVP medicine is identified. This is a current-date legal reconstruction from the 2024 consolidated schedule plus the 2025 and 2026 amendments; no later schedule amendment was identified in the inspected official materials. Schedule-level controls for isomers, esters, ethers and salts do not establish a blanket rule for every structural analogue.

The current Romanian result is prohibited, not merely controlled or prescription-only. Law 339/2005 art. 4 prohibits cultivation, production, manufacture, storage, trade, distribution, transport, possession, offering, transfer, brokering, acquisition, use, import, export and transit of Table I substances, subject only to narrow statutory exceptions. Law 51/2014 originally inserted alpha-PVP into the criminal-drug Table III and completed the Law 339 annex; Law 96/2022 reorganized the latter annex and placed Alfa-PVP at Table I position 43 while abrogating the earlier national-control placement. The official ANMDMR Nomenclator, updated 27 August 2026, returns no product for the exact DCI ALFA-PVP, so no ordinary Romanian prescription-medicine route is established. A pending 2026 bill is not operative law.

The current Slov-Lex time version of Act No. 139/1998 Coll. is effective from 1 January 2026 and its Annex 1 expressly places alpha-PVP in the I group under Psychotropic substances. Section 3(2) defines I-group substances as those not contained as an active ingredient in a medicine; §4(3) limits I-group cultivation, manufacture, import, export, dispensing, transit and wholesale distribution to research, teaching and expert activities, while §4(1) requires a Ministry permit for handling and §4(4) defines handling outside the Act as unlawful. The current Criminal Code separately criminalizes unauthorized possession of any other psychotropic substance (including alpha-PVP) even in a negligible amount (§171(2), with higher bands in §171(3)-(4)) and unauthorized manufacture or trade (§173). The Medicines Act's prescription classifications include ordinary prescription, restricted prescription, blue-stripe special prescription and non-prescription; its controlled-substance blue-stripe criteria expressly cover psychotropic substances of II group, not I group (§51(4)(b)). Thus no ordinary prescription or medical-use route applies to alpha-PVP; the statutory I-group research/teaching/expert authorization is not patient prescription access. Decree No. 298/2013 Coll. confirms the historical entry and effective date (1 October 2013) in the risk-substances list, matching the packet note, but the current Annex 1 listing is the operative classification. No claim is made about any particular product authorization beyond the statutory rule that I-group substances are not medicine active ingredients.

The legacy entry is supported. The official Korea Customs Service list names “O-2387(α-PVP),” gives its chemical name as 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone, and records that it was deleted from the temporary-narcotics list on 10 December 2013 because it is already a narcotic/psychotropic substance falling under Appendix 3 item 22, “Methcathinone and its analogues.” This is a permanent scheduled control, not legalization or a temporary-list expiry. Article 3(5) of the current Narcotics Control Act prohibits anyone from possessing, owning, using, managing, importing, exporting, manufacturing, selling, soliciting, brokering or receiving a category-a psychotropic substance, subject only to approval under the Decree; Article 4(1) separately bars non-handlers from handling narcotics or psychotropics, while Article 4(2) preserves narrow statutory handling exceptions such as lawful medical administration/purchase or approved handling. The Act provides no recreational or consumer exception. For unauthorized category-a psychotropic conduct, Article 59(1)(5) provides at least one year of imprisonment for possession, ownership, use or management; Article 58(1)(3) provides life imprisonment or at least five years for manufacture, import/export, sale, solicitation, brokering or receipt (including possession/ownership for those purposes). Exact charging depends on conduct and any statutory approval, but the substance's ordinary non-medical possession and use are prohibited.

The legacy controlled-status characterization is supported by the current official Swedish schedule and statutes. The current Läkemedelsverket consolidation expressly identifies α-PVP/Alfa-pyrrolidinovalerofenon by its chemical name in Swedish list I; its introductory rule says list I covers substances normally lacking medical use. Under Förordning (1992:1554) 2 §, substances in Bilaga 1 are narcotics under the Narcotic Drugs Penal Act. Ordinary unauthorized possession, use, transfer, manufacture and related handling are criminal under Narkotikastrafflag 1 §. The Control of Narcotic Drugs Act limits import/export, manufacture, offering for sale, transfer and possession to medical, scientific, specially important socially beneficial or specified industrial purposes, and requires permits for import/export and manufacture; possession is limited to the authorized categories in 7 §. These are narrow statutory exceptions, not evidence that α-PVP has an ordinary medical or consumer route. Ordinary narcotics offences carry imprisonment up to three years; sale or handling intended for sale carries six months to three years. Petty offences carry a fine or up to six months, gross offences two to seven years, and exceptionally gross offences six to ten years. Narcotics smuggling has the same ordinary, sale-intended, petty, gross and exceptionally gross ranges under Smuggling Act 6 §. The cited sources do not establish a specific lawful α-PVP medicine or formulation, so none is asserted.

As of 28 August 2026, the strongest official Turkish evidence supports correcting the row from an uncited generic controlled-substance label to prohibited under Law No. 2313. The official 2012 national drug report reproduces the EWS list with α-PVP as item 1 and states that the substances in the list were brought under Law No. 2313 by Decision No. 2012/2861, dated 17 February 2012 and published in Official Gazette No. 28241 on 22 March 2012. The Interior Ministry's official record independently identifies that decision and its Official Gazette publication. The current Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Başkanlığı page explains that the EWS procedure places necessary new psychoactive substances under Law No. 2313, and the official 2025 Türkiye Drug Report continues to identify Law No. 2313 and TCK Articles 188, 190 and 191 as the principal drug-control framework. Under current TCK Article 188(1), unauthorized manufacture, import or export carries 20–30 years' imprisonment and 2,000–20,000 days' judicial fine; Article 188(3) covers unauthorized domestic sale, offering, giving, dispatch, transport, storage, purchase, acceptance or possession with at least 10 years' imprisonment and 1,000–20,000 days' judicial fine, with a 15-year minimum where the recipient is a child. Article 188(4)(a) provides a half increase when the substance is a synthetic cathinone or derivative, but the inspected official sources do not make a substance-specific legal characterization of α-PVP for purposes of applying that aggravator, so no automatic aggravator is asserted here. Article 188(5) adds half for joint offending by three or more people and one fold for organized-crime activity; Article 188(6) extends the preceding provisions to narcotic- or stimulant-effect substances whose production requires official permission or whose sale depends on an authorized physician's prescription. TCK Article 191(1) provides 2–5 years for purchase, acceptance, possession for use or use; paragraphs (2)–(3) provide a five-year postponement of public prosecution, at least one year of probation (extendable by up to two additional years) and possible treatment, subject to the statutory conditions. The inspected sources do not establish an authorized medical or prescription pathway for α-PVP, so the row is not characterized as prescription-only.