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Naphyrone

This article is a stubmissing:
Subjective Effects
Interactions
Tolerance
Naphyrone molecule structureNaphyrone molecule structure
Naphthylpyrovalerone
O-2482, NRG-1, Energy-1, RaveOpen in Piru
Psychoactive Class
Stimulant

Naphyrone is a stimulant1 that is a naphthyl analogue of pyrovalerone.1 It has been sold in commercial blends,2 but only a minority of tested samples sold under the associated branding contain naphyrone.3 Analytical characterization of two naphyrone samples revealed an isomer consistent with α-naphyrone4, making the effects reported for these products difficult to attribute to naphyrone alone.

Dosage & Duration

Log in Piru

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Moderate20-35 mg
Strong35-50 mg
Heavy50+ mg

Duration

Total6-12 hours

Subjective Effects

Subjective Effects not written up yet

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Marquis(MQ)
white → yellow2 → green2
Mecke(ME)
white → orange3 → brown1
Mandelin(MD)
yellow2 → brown2
Liebermann(LB)
white → brown2
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Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Naphyrone inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake through interactions with SERT, NET, and DAT, respectively.1 In vitro studies show inhibition of all three transporters at nanomolar concentrations.5 These findings apply to pure β-naphyrone; the pharmacological properties of α-naphyrone, an isomer detected in some samples, remain unknown.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption & half-lifenot documented yetMetabolitesnone documented yet

Interactions

Interactions not written up yet

An unlisted combination is an unknown one, not a safe one. Check a dedicated combination chart before mixing.

Check TripSit

Tolerance

Tolerance not written up yet

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Classified as habit-forming. As a stimulant and triple reuptake inhibitor, psychological addiction potential is expected, though no specific data on naphyrone's addiction profile exists.

History & Culture

Naphyrone emerged in the United Kingdom as a new “legal high” only months after mephedrone was banned. It was marketed under the name “NRG-1”6 and was sometimes sold as “pond cleaner”1 or another product not intended for human consumption, because the…

Legality

By Country

Controlled / restricted1
Finland flagFinlandRestricted

References

Source Pages

  1. Erowid: Naphyrone Experience Reports
  2. Erowid: Naphyrone Vault
  3. TripSit: Drug Combination Chart
  4. Wikipedia

Citations

  1. Consideration of the naphthylpyrovalerone analogues and related compounds. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (2010). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7a405040f0b66eab99ad77/naphyrone-report.pdf12345
  2. Intended and unintended use of cathinone mixtures. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.25981
  3. Analyses of second-generation ‘legal highs’ in the UK: Initial findings. Drug Testing and Analysis (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1551
  4. The naphyrone story: The alpha or beta-naphthyl isomer?. Drug Testing and Analysis (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.18512
  5. 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) Analogues: A Promising Class of Monoamine Uptake Inhibitors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/jm050797a1
  6. Advisory group recommends NRG-1 be banned. Home Office (2010). https://www.gov.uk/government/news/advisory-group-recommends-nrg-1-be-banned1
  7. Second generation mephedrone. The confusing case of NRG-1. BMJ (full text reproduced on ResearchGate) (2010). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c356412
  8. Valtioneuvoston asetus 650/2026 kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen muuttamisesta. finlex.fi (n.d.). https://www.finlex.fi/api/media/statute/1073201/mainPdf/main.pdf1
  9. Huumausainelaki (373/2008), current consolidated text, section 5. finlex.fi (n.d.). https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2008/3731
  10. Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista 1130/2014, original Finnish enactment. finlex.fi (n.d.). https://www.finlex.fi/api/media/statute/87257/mainPdf/main.pdf?timestamp=2014-12-19T00%3A00%3A00.000Z1

Further Reading

  1. 3DChem: Naphyrone Chemical Structure
  2. Danda et al. (2022): Effects of naphyrone in CPP test (PubMed)
  3. DrugWise: Naphyrone 2010 Report
  4. DrugWise: Naphyrone Factsheet
  5. FRANK: Naphyrone Effects & Risks
  6. Pinterova-Leca et al. (2021): Pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects in rats (PubMed)
  7. Release: NRG-1, NRG-3, Naphyrone Information
  8. Derungs et al. 2011 - Sympathomimetic toxicity in a case of analytically confirmed recreational use of naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone)
  9. Eshleman et al. 2013 - Substituted methcathinones differ in transporter and receptor interactions
  10. Jebadurai et al. 2013 - Recreational use of 1‐(2‐naphthyl)‐2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1‐pentanone hydrochloride (NRG‐1), 6‐(2‐aminopropyl) benzofuran (Benzofury/ 6‐APB) and NRG‐2 with review of available evidence‐based literature

Article Status

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