Clonazolam

Clonazolam is not named in the current First Schedule, and the Schedule's listed Class C benzodiazepines (nimetazepam, flunitrazepam and triazolam) do not create a general benzodiazepine-derivative rule. However, clonazolam's CNS-depressant activity brings it within the Act's functional definition of a psychoactive substance; absent an Act authorisation, manufacture, trafficking, import/export, possession and consumption are offences. The Act provides a defence for specified conduct undertaken for a legitimate purpose other than human consumption.

Clonazolam is expressly named, with its chemical designation, in List IV of Annex 1. Spain's current consolidated Real Decreto 2829/1977 subjects List IV substances to controlled manufacture, trade, import/export, and pharmacy dispensing; pharmacy dispensing of a substance itself is only on a magistral-formula prescription, while preparations containing it require a medical prescription. The order also states that no medicines containing these newly listed substances were authorized in Spain at the time of enactment.

The BetmVV-EDI consolidation applicable from 13 March 2026 expressly lists clonazolam in Annex 3, Verzeichnis b; AS 2023 5 inserted that exact entry effective 1 March 2023. This corrects the prior Verzeichnis-e claim: Verzeichnis b contains controlled substances partially exempt from control measures, whereas Verzeichnis e is the separate Annex 6 category for materials and products suspected of narcotic-like effects. BetmKV Article 11(1) sets an operating-licence baseline for specified commercial and supply activities, subject to Article 4's homeopathic and analytical qualifications; under Article 11(3), medical professionals need no additional operating licence beyond their professional-practice authorization. Articles 46(3) and 48 provide a simple-prescription route and quantity rule for a medicine containing a Verzeichnis-b substance, but those provisions do not establish that a clonazolam medicine is authorized. BetmG applies its narcotics provisions to psychotropic substances unless otherwise provided. Article 19 penalizes unauthorized possession and acquisition, while Article 19a treats intentional unauthorized consumption and own-consumption conduct under Article 19 as punishable by a fine and permits dismissal, waiver of punishment, or a warning in minor cases. Article 19b narrowly makes preparation of only a minor quantity for one's own consumption, or its free provision to a person over 18 for simultaneous joint consumption, non-punishable. The sources therefore support neither a categorical business-licence rule for every controlled act nor a categorical statement that all possession or personal-use conduct receives the same treatment.

Clonazolam is expressly named (not inferred from clonazepam or a class rule) in Lista B1. The current official ANVISA controlled-substances page identifies the list as the updated annex to Portaria 344/1998 and records RDC 581/2021's inclusion of Clonazolam in B1. Under Portaria 344/1998, substances in B1 are psychotropics subject to special control, including special authorization for listed-substance activities and prescription-notification requirements for dispensing medicines containing B1 substances.

Clonazolam is expressly listed in the current BtMG Anlage II (rather than merely covered by an analogue/group rule). Anlage II is the schedule of traffic-capable but non-prescribable narcotics. BtMG § 3(1) requires BfArM permission for manufacture, trade, import, export, supply, sale/other placing on the market, and acquisition. BtMG § 29(1) criminalizes unauthorized listed conduct and possession without written acquisition permission (up to five years' imprisonment or a fine, subject to the statute's terms). The allowed canonical replacement is restricted_other because the exact substance is subject to a controlled, permission-based Schedule II regime, not an unqualified prohibition.

This is an exact named listing, not an analogue inference. IV-P substances may be used only for medical, industrial, or research purposes (Act art. 33(1)); possession is limited to persons authorized under the Act (art. 34(1)). Manufacture, processing, alteration, import, distribution, wholesale trade, and cross-border movements are subject to the Act's authorizations/permits (arts. 35, 37, 40); unauthorized possession and specified unauthorized conduct carry criminal penalties (arts. 53, 55, 56, 62). The appropriate controlled-substance classification is restricted_other rather than prescription_only because the legal listing controls the substance directly and the Act permits specified non-prescription industrial and research uses subject to authorization.

Sweden expressly lists clonazolam under the Swedish name klonazolam and its exact chemical name, 6-(2-klorofenyl)-1-metyl-8-nitro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]bensodiazepin. It entered the national narcotics annex on August 18, 2015 under SFS 2015:526 and remains listed in Förordning (1992:1554), current through SFS 2026:1109. Läkemedelsverket's LVFS 2011:10 consolidation, current through HSLF-FS 2026:26, assigns it to Swedish list I (substances that normally have no medical use) and international list P IV. Import/export, manufacture, trade and possession are restricted to the purposes and authorized persons specified in Lag (1992:860). It is not currently governed as a good dangerous to health: Lag (1999:42) section 2(1) excludes narcotics from that regime. Folkhälsomyndigheten's historical recommendation sought narcotics classification, not a hazardous-goods listing.