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Chloral-Betaine

This article is a stubmissing:
Subjective Effects
Interactions
Tolerance
Legality
Chloral-Betaine molecule structureChloral-Betaine molecule structure
Open in Piru
Chemical Class
Alcohol

Chloral-Betaine is classified as a hypnotic and sedative and can depress the central nervous system1. It completely dissociates in solution into chloral hydrate and trimethylglycine (betaine)1. Chloral hydrate is metabolized to trichloroethanol, the active metabolite responsible for the pharmacological effect1. Mead Johnson introduced it in the United States in 1963.2 Reports of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms have been documented with cloral betaine1.

Dosage & Duration

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Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold~125 mg
Light125-250 mg
Moderate250-500 mg
Strong500-1000 mg
Heavy1000+ mg

Duration

Onset15-30 minutes
After Effects2-8 hours
Total3-7 hours

Subjective Effects

Subjective Effects not written up yet

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Chloral betaine is an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate is rapidly metabolized to trichloroethanol,1 which is responsible for its pharmacological effect.1

Pharmacokinetics

The betaine complex releases chloral hydrate,1 which is subsequently metabolized to trichloroethanol.1 The excerpts do not specify the enzymes, routes, bioavailability, or half-life involved.

Interactions

Interactions not written up yet

An unlisted combination is an unknown one, not a safe one. Check a dedicated combination chart before mixing.

Check TripSit

Tolerance

Tolerance not written up yet

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Moderate

Classified as habit-forming with potential for psychological dependence developing with regular use.

Physical

Moderate

Physical dependence can develop with chronic use, consistent with its classification as habit-forming.

Toxicity

Gastrointestinal

Gastric irritation is a known effect associated with use.

History & Culture

Chloral betaine was introduced in the United States by Mead Johnson in 1963.

Legality

Legality not written up yet

References

Citations

  1. Cloral Betaine 707mg Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). electronic Medicines Compendium (emc) (2021). https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8135/smpc123456789
  2. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia, Chloral Betaine entry, p. 944 (hosted transcription). Doczz (n.d.). https://doczz.net/doc/27542/cabergoline---armchair-patriot1

Article Status

  • Josie Kins avatar
    Step 1 · Automated synthesis

    An autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.

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    Not yet reviewed: this article is pending editorial review by Lyrea.

  • Step 3 · Citation reviewPending

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